Off-Label Use of Antipsychotic Drugs

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Abstract
Despite the fact that most antipsychotics have only been formally evaluated for the treatment of schizophreniform disorder, schizophrenia, mania, and schizoaffective disorder (defined as "classical indications"), antipsychotics are widely used for the treatment of a broad range of symptoms and disorders. In this study, 173 patients who were having their prescriptions for antipsychotics filled at local pharmacies were interviewed. In 115 patients (66.5%), an antipsychotic was prescribed for off-label indications. Patients most often stated that they took antipsychotics as a tranquilizer or an anxiolytic. Neither gender, education, duration of treatment, nor efficacy of treatment showed an influence on the prescription practices for antipsychotics. In contrast, family status and side effects showed a significant influence. A classical indication was more often found in married and widowed patients than in unmarried or divorced ones. Patients in whom antipsychotics were prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, mania, or schizoaffective disorder experienced side effects more often than others. Age was also important for the indication of antipsychotics. Classical indications of antipsychotics were most often found in patients aged 30 to 49 years. In older patients (49-70 years), antipsychotics were almost exclusively used for off-label indications. In classical indications, clozapine was used more frequently (50%) than other antipsychotics. Melperone was primarily prescribed for off-label use.