IL‐4 improves the detection of cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma and increases the proportion of clonally abnormal metaphases

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Abstract
In the present study the incidence of abnormal karyotypes and the number and proportion of abnormal metaphases obtained in multiple myeloma (MM) using three culture conditions were compared: unstimulated culture (72 h), IL‐6/GM‐CSF‐stimulated culture (120 h) and IL‐4‐stimulated culture (120 h). The three types of culture conditions were assessed simultaneously on bone marrow samples from 30 consecutive myeloma patients. In addition DNA content (DNA ploidy and cell cycle) was analysed by flow cytometry. The number of MM samples with clonal karyotypic abnormalities was higher after IL‐4‐stimulated cultures (53%) than it was after IL‐6 + GM‐CSF (37%) and unstimulated (30%) cultures. The benefit of IL‐4 was also observed in cases with low numbers of plasma cells in the bone marrow, in early clinical stages and in untreated patients. In those cases in whom clonal chromosomal abnormalities were detected by the three culture methods, the cytogenetic findings were always identical. According to our results the addition of IL‐4 to the cultures of bone marrow cells in MM increases the number of abnormal metaphases.