Beam Splitting Experiments with Classical and with Quantum Particles

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Abstract
The probability of separating k particles from a beam of n classical distinguishable particles by a beam splitter is given by the Bernoulli distribution. When turning to indistinguishable Bose quantum particles, this distribution is preserved by a refined interplay between interference and stimulation effects. This behaviour is demonstrated in an experiment where pairs of photons interact with an optical beam splitter. The distinguishability of the photons within a pair is changed by varying the degree of coherence.

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