Measurement of adhesion by a blister method

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Abstract
An instrument for the measurement of the adhesion of organic coatings has been developed. It is based on the formation of a blister by injecting a liquid (generally mercury) under pressure between the coating and the substrate. The work of detachment, i.e., the energy needed to detach 1 cm.2 of coating, is determined by recording the liquid pressure as a function of the injected volume and computing the area under this curve. Extraneous factors such as deformation of the film and compressibility of the liquid are eliminated through a blank run. The design and operation of the instrument are described, an evaluation of its performance and limitations is given, and examples of its application are presented. The method should be useful for accurate measurement of adhesion of many types of surface coatings to metal and, possibly, to other substrates, as well as for studies of the various factors that influence adhesion.