Effect of Recombinant Bovine Interleukin-1β in Normal Calves and in Calves Infected with Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1

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Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) is an important pathogen of respiratory infections in cattle. Its continuing importance lies in its ability to predispose infected hosts to bacterial infections. In this present study, we determined whether the immunoregulatory effects induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) could stimulate appropriate host defense mechanisms to influence the course of BHV-1 infection in cattle. We first evaluated the effect of different doses (10–1000 ng/kg) of IL-1 in normal cattle. A single administration of IL-1 was able to induce a dose-dependent increase in polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells as well as monocytes in peripheral blood. The number of CD3+ lymphocytes and γ/δ T cells in peripheral circulation decreased transiently in a dose-dependent manner. In the disease model, the effect of IL-1 administration (300 ng/kg) 24 h before, at the time of, and 24 h after the BHV-1 challenge was assessed. As a single therapeutic modality, IL-1 did not significantly reduce the establishment or progression of BHV-1-induced disease. Nevertheless, our results demonstrated that the significant modulation of diverse immune parameters did not exacerbate disease. Thus, the use of IL-1 as an adjunct therapy or as a vaccine adjuvant in cattle can be safely considered in situations where BHV-1 infection is likely to occur.