Evaluation of the capability of BRDF models to retrieve structural information on the observed target as described by a three-dimensional ray tracing code

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Abstract
A new model of radiation transfer in complex three-dimensional media has been developed by taking advantage of recent advances in ray tracing computer graphics methods. This model is initially dedicated to the study of radiation transfer problems in terrestrial environments over a variety of spatial scales including: (1) the milli-scale, which represents explicitly the structure and optical properties of scattering elements; (2) the meso-scale, which ranges from the structure of a single plant to that of a vegetation canopy; and (3) the macro-scale, which includes topography and large-scale landscape heterogeneities. This model can be used to generate reflectances of complex targets, where all the geometrical and physical quantities can be controlled explicitly. This opportunity is exploited here to generate and evaluate the performance of bidirectional reflectance (BRDF) models. First, we have checked the accuracy of our code with regard to well-established models. Next, we used it to create realistic synthetic reflectance data sets. Finally, we test the invertibility of a simple BRDF model against those reflectance data.

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