Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Staging of Suspected Lung Cancer

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Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer-related cause of death in the United States.1 Stage of disease dictates the choice of therapy. Surgery is most appropriate for patients in whom disease is confined to the lung and hilar lymph nodes. For patients with ipsilateral mediastinal lymph node metastases, the benefit of surgery as primary therapy is questionable. For patients with contralateral mediastinal lymph node metastases, surgery is generally not indicated, and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both are considered the standard of care.2

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