[Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a children's hospital].

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Abstract
Eleven hundreds and seventy-six strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated from pediatric clinics of Chiba Children's Hospital during 1990 through 1995. Annual penicillinresistant rates of these strains were as follows; 24.0%(1990), 29.0%(1991), 36.2%(1992), 55.8%(1993), 58.6%(1994), and 59.3%(1995). Overall penicillin-resistance during these 6 years was 45.8%. Nine out of 11 cases of systemic pneumococcal infections were due to penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) during the same period. Of PRSP strains, their PCG-MIC levels had become higher and their spectra of resistance had expanded not only to β-lactam but also to non-β-lactam antimicrobials. Although panipenem was the most efficacious antibiotics in this study and was recommended currently to use in the case of pneumococcal meningitis, it should be noted that a strain with high-level MIC (2μg/ml) had emerged in 1995. Close surveillance of pneumococcal antimicrobial susceptibility including panipenem is necessary.

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