Hyperlipidemia in Pediatric Hemodialysis and Renal Transplant Patients

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Abstract
• Fasting serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels were determined in 15 maintenance hemodialysis (MH) and 35 renal transplant (RT) patients. Fourteen of 15 MH patients (93%) had elevated triglyceride levels (>140 mg/100 ml) compared to 11 of 35 RT recipients (31%) (P <.001). Two of 15 MH patients (13%) had elevated cholesterol levels (>230 mg/100 ml), compared to 18 of 35 RT recipients (51%) (P =.03). In MH patients, a positive correlation was noted between serum triglyceride levels and carbohydrate intake (P =.03). Autopsy material from 12 children who underwent MH or RT was compared to material from 16 age-matched controls; an increased collagenous content of intima, a possible early indicator of coronary artery disease, was noted more frequently (P <.006) in index patients compared to controls. Our data demonstrate that hyperlipidemia is a frequent finding in pediatric patients treated with MH and RT, and may be associated with premature coronary artery disease. (Am J Dis Child 130:957-961, 1976)