Schrödinger-cat states of the electromagnetic field and multilevel atoms

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Abstract
We demonstrate that the generalization of the two-level Jaynes-Cummings model to an N-level atom leads to the creation of up to N macroscopically distinct field states. These field states are Schmidt-orthogonalized superpositions of Fock states. They correspond to macroscopic states of the field, attainable with large mean photon numbers. Unlike the situation with a two-level atom and a coherent-state field, which evolves into a macroscopic coherent superposition state (a Schrödinger cat), we find that when the additional levels participate strongly in the excitation (e.g., all transitions are resonant with equal dipole moments) then the system does not evolve into a pure state.