Some Physical Problems Involved in the Application of Solutions to Teeth for the Purpose of Reducing Dental Caries

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Abstract
Two factors oppose the penetration of active molecules or ions of topically applied solns. into contact and similar areas: (1) the presence of saliva or air (which must be displaced by the active soln.), and (2) the difficulty in diffusion of ions and molecules into narrow spaces. Steel balls contacting each other were treated with CuSO4 solns. to show corrosion effects in all areas except actual contacting surfaces and also surrounding areas. Ineffective reactions in contact areas were shown to be due to either trapped air or delayed diffusion of ions from the surrounding solution. The same results were observed by watching diffusion of methylene blue solns. into the tips of fine capillary tubes. With present technics topical applications to teeth would appear to benefit mostly the easily accessible gingival 3d regions and least (if any) the pits and contact areas.