Nonapplicability of the Hellmann-Feynman Theorem to Infinitely Periodic Systems

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Abstract
Wannier, Misner, and Schay have recently applied the Hellmann-Feynman molecular force theorem to metals and found a mutual repulsion of the ions. They conclude that the extra charge along the nearest-neighbor directions provided by computed Bloch wave functions is an order of magnitude too small to provide binding and that nearly free-electron metals do not exist. We show that they have misapplied the Hellmann-Feynman theorem and that nearly free-electron metals do exist.

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