Thermal lensing and stress in Cr,Er:YSGG

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Abstract
Thermal and stress lensing effects have been measured in a Cr,Er:YSGG rod by observing a transmitted 1064 nm Nd:YAG beam diverging from an operating Cr,Er:YSGG laser. The results compare favorably with theory and estimated thermal-optic properties of YSGG, which is intermediate between YAG and GSGG. Numerical simulations of the laser agree substantially with the threshold and power observed and show a heat generation rate which is consistent with our observations of lensing. Thermal fracture of the rod has been observed on several occasions, leading to an estimate of the thermal fracture figure of merit which is also intermediate between YAG and GSGG. Back focal distances of less than 20 cm occur in the vicinity of half the thermal rupture limit.

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