Experimental and modelling studies on the DNA cleavage by elsamicin A

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Abstract
The ability of elsamicin A, an antitumour antibiotic, to cleave DNA in the presence of ferrous iron and reducing agents, has been analysed using experimental and theoretical approaches. Experimentally, the antibiotic causes DNA breakage in the presence of ferrous ions and a reducing agent. The DNA‐cleaving activity appears to be partially blocked by the action of superoxide dismutase and catalase. These results indicate that the elsamicin aglycone moiety (chartarin) can be involved in the production of free radicals. We have performed a broad theoretical study based in the quantum‐mechanical framework, which allow us to determine the redox properties of elsamicin that lead to the generation of radical species. Our results clearly show that elsamicin acts as a true catalyst in the production of superoxide radicals. Moreover, it is suggested that the oxidation/reduction mechanism of the aglycone moiety of elsamicin (a lactone), leading to DNA breakage, is different from the mechanism followed by other well‐known anti‐cancer drugs, whose chromophore is a quinone.