Nasal Cannula and Transtracheal Oxygen Delivery: A Comparison of Patient Response After 6 Months of Each Technique

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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of transtracheal (TT) oxygen delivery to that of nasal cannula delivery in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twenty subjects (14 men, 6 women) were followed for 6 months during nasal cannula delivery. A TT catheter was then inserted, and measurements were repeated during TT use. With TT delivery, subjects required 45% less oxygen at rest and 39% less during exercise (p < 0.0001). Oxygen use, measured by pounds of oxygen delivered to the home, also decreased, but the magnitude of change was less than anticipated (mean, 14%; range, +4% to −32%). Hospital days decreased from 12 ± 10 during nasal cannula use to 4 ± 6 during TT use (p < 0.002). Exercise tolerance, as measured by a 12-min walk distance, was greater during TT use (p < 0.0001). No change was seen in spirometry or acid-base balance. Also, no change was seen in Profile of Mood States, Sickness impact Profile or Katz Adjustment Scale scores. Some problems were encountered relating to use of the catheter (displacement, mucus balls), but they were minor, and most were confined to the initial 2 months of TT use when the tract was immature. Our experience suggests that, in addition to decreasing oxygen flow rate, use of TT delivery may confer benefits that result in improved exercise tolerance and decreased hospitalization in patients with COPD.