Nonlinear aspects of band structure in liquids. II. Solute spectra

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Abstract
If a set of solvent molecules are sufficiently weakly interacting, then their net effect on a solute is simply the sum of their individual effects. The shift and broadening of any solute quantum state would then be determined solely by the statistics of this sum (the local field at the solute). However, when the solvent–solvent interaction is comparable to that felt by the solute, the problem of ascertaining solvent effects on solute states becomes one of understanding how a band of collective solvent states couples to a solute. In this paper we show that a nonlinear liquidtheory for band structure can be used to understand phenomena such as inhomogeneous broadening from precisely this solvent–band perspective. Inhomogeneous broadening in this language arises from configuration‐to‐configuration fluctuations in the solvent’s Green’s function, the size of which one can now evaluate.