Immunity to Intranasal Challenge with Rubella Virus Two Years after Vaccination: Comparison of Three Vaccines

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Abstract
The persistence of antibodies was studied in 143 women 2 yr after post-partum rubella vaccination. The effect of intranasal revaccination with the RA 27/3 strain was studied in 99 women after 2 yr. All women responded to primary immunization with the development of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies [HIA]. Intranasal revaccination resulted in a significant rise in HIA titer in 9% of the vaccinees who received the RA 27/3 strain compared with 53% and 2 of those who received the Cendehill and HPV-77 DE-5 vaccines, respectively. The difference between the response in the RA 27/3 group and that in the Cendehill group was statistically significant (P < 0.001), as was the difference between the response of the latter group and that of the HPV-77 DE-5 group (0.03 > P > 0.01). The susceptibility to intranasal challenge was related to low levels of serum HIA. HIA titers were well maintained during the follow-up period, but 3 of the 52 Cendehill vaccinees had titers of < 1:10 after 2 yr.

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