The present and potential impact of research on animal models for clinical treatment of stimulus deprivation amblyopia

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Abstract
Objective: With the benefit of hindsight based on an additional 20 years of research, we review a question posed originally by Marg1 of whether animal models for stimulus deprivation amblyopia in children are valid or useful for clinical application. Method: Following a review of relevant research on animal models, the human clinical literature on treatment of stimulus deprivation amblyopia has been reviewed with respect to past and current impact of animal research on clinical treatment. In addition, we speculate on the potential future clinical impact of animal work on developmental plasticity in the visual cortex that is directed towards an understanding of its underlying molecular basis. Conclusions: Animal research that has begun to define the timing, nature and sites of critical periods in the central visual pathways with greater precision than was known 20 years ago has had a demonstrable impact on clinical practice. In turn, these changes in clinical practice have produced far better outcomes than prior to 1980, for both the acuity of the amblyopic eye and for binocular functions such as stereopsis.