Juvenility and Flowering in Woody Plants: A Review1

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Abstract
Seedlings of most woody plants pass through a juvenile stage during which the seedling cannot be induced to flower (147). The delay in flowering caused by a long juvenile phase may last for years and it is a major problem in breeding most tree crops. Although the juvenile phase cannot be eliminated, it can be shortened considerably by breeding, by controlling the environment in which the seedlings are grown, and by various cultural practices. This review considers the various factors which have been reported to affect the length of the juvenile phase.

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