Effect of Threat of Shock on Pupillary Response in a Problem-Solving Situation

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Abstract
2 groups of 7 Ss each were presented with 2 series of 3 multiplication problems which served as the problem-solving task. On the first series of problems Ss were run under identical conditions to establish response baselines between groups. On the second series of problems the experimental group was threatened with shock for an incorrect answer. Comparisons were made on response latency, correct responses, absolute pupil size, and pupillary dilation during problem solving. The only significant difference between groups was the degree of pupillary dilation while solving the second series of problems. The results are discussed within the context of the coping process under the threat of stress and are related to previous research on the pupillary response as a measure of mental activity.