Formalizing under-the-table payments to control out-of-pocket hospital expenditures in Cambodia
Open Access
- 1 July 2004
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Health Policy and Planning
- Vol. 19 (4) , 199-208
- https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czh025
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that informal fees for health services comprise a large proportion of total health spending in some countries. In 1999, individual out-of-pocket payments for health in Cambodia were estimated at US$27 per person, with a proportion paid as under-the-table fees at public facilities. By formalizing such payments and implementing resource management systems within a comprehensive health financing scheme, Takeo Referral Hospital controlled out-of-pocket patient expenditures, ensured patients of fixed prices, protected patients from the unpredictability of hospital fees and promoted financial sustainability. Utilization levels increased by more than 50% for inpatient and surgical services, and cost recovery from user fees averaged 33%. Furthermore, the hospital phased out external donor support gradually over 4 years and achieved financial sustainability.Keywords
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