The purpose of this study were to quantify abdominal vascular enhancement and to prove the feasibility of iron oxide-enhanced MR angiography in humans using three doses of superparamagnetic iron oxide agent AMI 227.Sixteen patients randomly received either 0.8, 1.1, or 1.7 mg Fe/kg of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide agent AMI 227. T1-weighted breath-hold gradient-echo images were obtained before and 45 min after i.v. administration of AMI 227. Signal intensity was measured in the aorta, the inferior vena cava, the portal vein, and muscle on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced images. Signal-to-noise ratios and enhancement [(SNR after contrast-SNR before contrast) / SNR before contrast] were calculated. Vessels were visually graded before and after administration of AMI 227.All vessels showed statistically significant enhancement 45 min. after administration of AMI 227 by both qualitative and quantitative measures (p < .001). There was no significant increase in noise or signal intensity of muscle aft...