Detection of Rh D‐associated epitopes in human and animal tissues using human monoclonal anti‐D antibodies

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Abstract
The distribution of Rh D-associated epitopes in human and animal tissues has been assessed by immunochemical techniques using six human monoclonal anti-D antibodies. The IgM antibody MAD-2 reacted predominantly with endothelial cells lining blood vessels and with animal leucocytes and human leukocytes from both Rh D-positive and Rh D-negative donors. Immunoblotting revealed reactivity with a 55 kDa tissue component which was most prominent in homogenates of heart, lung and spleen. In contrast, the IgG antibodies UCHD4 and FOG-1 stained smooth muscle, and UCHD4 in addition weakly stained cardiac and skeletal muscle and the glomeruli of kidney. Immunoblotting with UCHD4 revealed reactivity with 27 kDa tissue component which was most prominent in heart homogenates. The results show that the six monoclonal anti-D antibodies recognize at least four different epitopes and that Rh D-associated epitopes may occur in non-erythroid cell types.