Steam Film Sampling of Water for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of the Deuterium Content

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Abstract
The Leidenfrost effect, characterized by film boiling of a liquid adjacent to a hot metal surface, has been adapted in two forms for sampling water vapor for mass spectrometer analysis to determine the deuterium‐to‐hydrogen (D/H) ratio. Both a hot probe and a hot plate configuration convert liquid water to vapor without interference from dirt or dissolved material in the liquid phase. Automatic and semiautomatic analysis of the D/H ratio in water has been achieved with a precision of ±0.1 ppm at natural deuterium concentrations. A 2 min cycle time has been used for multiple sampling of bulk water and flowing stream samples.

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