Effect of Different Combinations of Dietary Additives on Bacterial Translocation and Survival in Gut‐Derived Sepsis

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Abstract
Background: Dietary arginine, glutamine, and fish oil each have been shown to improve resistance to infection. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential benefit of different combinations and amounts of these components on bacterial translocation and related mortality during gut-derived sepsis. Methods: Balb/c mice were fed for 10 days with an AIN-76A diet supplemented with different combinations and percentages of arginine, glutamine, glycine, fish oil, and medium-chain triglycerides. Controls were fed a complete AIN-76A diet or chow. After 10 days of feeding, all animals were transfused. On day 15, the animals were gavaged with 10 10 111In-radiolabeled or unlabeled Escherichia coli and given a 30% burn injury. Animals gavaged with unlabeled bacteria were observed for survival (n = 317). Groups that showed the best survival as well as control groups were gavaged with labeled bacteria and killed 4 hours postburn (n = 60) for harvest of mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Results: Mice fed diets enriched with 5% fish oil + 2% arginine, 2% arginine + 2% glutamine, or 5% fish oil + 2% glutamine had higher survival than control groups. The animals fed fish oil + glutamine had significantly reduced translocation to the liver and spleen. Animals fed arginine + glutamine had an enhanced ability to kill translocated organisms in the liver compared with other groups. Fish oil + arginine improved both barrier function and microbial killing. Conclusions: Feeding with arginine + glutamine, fish oil + arginine, or fish oil + glutamine supplemented diets positively affects the outcome in a gut-derived sepsis model. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 19:319-325, 1995)