Effects of water and nutrient availability on physiological responses of woody species to elevated CO2

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Abstract
The growth responses to elevated CO 2 found in experiments are highly variable and depend on other experimental parameters such as irrigation, fertilization, light regime, etc. As yet, the strength or even the sign of most interactions is all but impossible to predict from first principles. Experiments in ambient and CO 2 -enriched ambient air (+250 p.p.m.) have been conducted in specially adapted greenhouses (Solardomes) at Lancaster University for the past four seasons on Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), wild cherry ( Prunus avium L.), beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L.). These experiments are reviewed together with other published studies on interactive effects of elevated CO 2 and water and nutrient supply on physiological processes, in particular gas exchange, in tree species. It is often assumed that drought tolerance will increase in elevated CO 2 because of a suppression of stomatal conductance and an increase in instantaneous water use efficiency. There is, however, some evidence that such effects could be more than offset in beech by CO 2 -induced increases in leaf area. It is tentatively suggested that in beech, drought tolerance could already have been reduced by the increase in atmospheric CO 2 over the last century.

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