Piezoresistivity of Bismuth

The temperature dependences of the longitudinal and transverse piezoresistivities have been measured over the range 70-300°K for five pure bismuth crystals of different crystallographic orientation. An oscillatory stress collinear with a direct current in the sample was employed. The data were analyzed by a least-squares technique, and the temperature dependences of the piezoresistivity coefficients ${\pi }_{11}$, ${\pi }_{33}$, ${\pi }_{14}$, ${\pi }_{41}$, (${\pi }_{13}+{\pi }_{44}$), and (${\pi }_{31}+{\pi }_{44}$) were obtained. These results are compared with published data on the change in resistivity under hydrostatic pressure to obtain estimates of all eight piezoresistivity coefficients at room temperature and seven of the coefficients at liquid-nitrogen temperature. The relative magnitudes of the coefficients are compared with a theory based on the electron-transfer model.