Nitrogen supply determines responses of yield and biomass partitioning of perennial ryegrass to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

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Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Parcour) grown at eight levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization (0–765 mg/pot) was exposed to ambient (390 ppm) and elevated (690 ppm) carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations for 83 days. Plants were cut three times and dry matter yields determined for each harvest. At final harvest, dry weight of root and stubble biomass was determined, as N concentrations of all plant fractions were determined. Carbon dioxide enrichment effects on yield and total plant biomass increased with increasing N fertilization. The weaker CO2‐related yield enhancement at low N supply was due to the plants inability to increase tiller number. Root fraction of total plant biomass at final harvest was increased by high CO2 and decreased by N supply. Root biomass was significantly increased by CO2 enrichment and for both CO2 treatments the N supply for maximum root mass coincided with the N supply for reaching maximum total plant biomass. A significant correlation between root fraction of total plant dry matter and N concentration of total plant biomass, which was not changed by CO2 enrichment, indicates that biomass partitioning between shoot and root is controlled by the internal N status of the plant.