Thymic involvement in recovery of immunity among HIV-infected adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by a decrease in both function and number of CD4 T cells, associated with viral replication and failure of homeostatic mechanisms involved in regeneration of immunity. The objective of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is to suppress HIV replication and achieve recovery of immunity in HIV-infected patients. This potent antiretroviral therapy allows successful suppression of HIV replication, with undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels being reached in the vast majority of patients on treatment. However, the degree of CD4 T cell repopulation induced by HAART is very heterogeneous between different patients,1 and depends on several host and virological factors.2

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