More Appropriate Definitions of Paraphyly and Polyphyly, with a Comment on the Farris 1974 Model

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Abstract
Of all the many definitions for para- and polyphyly, those proposed within the Farris 1974 Model have been adopted as fully acceptable by various phylogeneticists. Close examination of this model shows that it is not always consistent, identical groupings turn out to be paraphyletic in one case and polyphyletic in another. New definitions which circumvent these inconsistencies are proposed, from within a phylogenetic framework and by making reference to the notion of sister groups.

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