Microbiological and chemical enrichment of freshwater-surface microlayers relative to the bulk-subsurface water

Abstract
Concentrations of bacteria, fungi, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, sulfate, and certain metals were enriched in freshwater-surface microlayer samples relative to the bulk-subsurface water. Results differed markedly depending on which of three methods for surface-microlayer collection was used. This report suggests that the biologically and chemically rich freshwater-surface microlayers contribute to ecological functions and interactions between subsurface water and the atmosphere not heretofore investigated in freshwater.

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