Radioimmunoscintigraphy in Patients with Ovarian Cancer

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Abstract
The use of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) has significantly improved the ability to detect tumor antigens, thus improving in vivo tumor diagnosis and treatment. The management of ovarian carcinoma still poses a challenging medical problem. Clinical trials using radioimmunoscintigraphy or a hand-held gamma detection probe intraoperatively were performed in patients with clinical evidence of primary or recurrent ovarian cancer. Immunoscintigraphy of ovarian cancer lesions has been performed mainly with 99mTc, 111In and 123I labeled with HMFG1, HMFG2, OC-125, B72.3, H17E2, OVTL3, MoAb170, Mov18 and other MoAbs. Antibody guided imaging using radioimmunoscintigraphy has demonstrated improved targeting of ovarian cancer, resulting in a highly sensitive and specific method. However, it is not yet known which type of MoAb is the most efficient for radioimmunoscintigraphy. Since these tumors represent a potentially curable disease, radioimmunoscintigraphy could contribute mainly to accurate staging as a supplementary to conventional diagnostic methods, as well as for the localization of active disease after chemotherapy and monitoring for the presence of recurrent disease. Nevertheless, prospective studies in a large number of patients should be undertaken in order to further evaluate the diagnostic contribution of this approach.