Furrowing surface contraction wave coincident with primary neural induction in amphibian embryos

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Abstract
We predicted, and have now observed, a surface contraction wave in axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) embryos that appears to coincide temporally and spatially with primary neural induction and homoiogenetic induction, and with involution of the chordomesoderm. The wave starts from a focus anterior to the dorsal lip of the blastopore and spreads as an ellipse, until part of it encounters the rim of the blastopore and vanishes there. The remaining are then continues over the dorsal hemisphere until it reforms an ellipse that decreases in size. About 9 to 12 hours after it begins, the wave vanishes at a focus diametrically opposite its point of origin. The wave involves both local contraction and furrowing in the monolayer ectoderm. To a good approximation, the hemispherical portion of the ectoderm traversed by the wave becomes neuroepithelium, while the ectoderm not transversed by the wave becomes epidermis. The wave might provide a mechanism to determine the time and location at which neuroepithelial differentiation occurs.