Interspecific variation in tree seedling establishment in canopy gaps in relation to tree density

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Abstract
We tested whether interspecific variation in tree seedling establishment in canopy gaps was significantly related to interspecific variation in tree density, for seven deciduous forest tree species (Quercus alba, Hamamelis virginiana, Acer rubrum, Sassafras albidum, Quercus rubra, Prunus serotina, Ostrya virginiana). For each species, seedling establishment was calculated as the difference in seedling density before experimental gap creation versus three years after gap creation. In each of the six experimentally‐created gap types (33 % or 66 % removal of tree basal area from 0.01‐ha, 0.05‐ha or 0.20‐ha patches), differences in seedling establishment among species were significantly related to differences in their density in the tree canopy. A regression model with loge tree density as the independent variable accounted for between 93 % and 98 % of interspecific variation in seedling establishment.Our results provide empirical support for models of tree dynamics in gaps that assume seedling establishment depends on canopy tree density.