Kinetic analysis of open‐ and closed‐state inactivation transitions in human Kv4.2 A‐type potassium channels

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Abstract
1 We studied the gating kinetics of Kv4.2 channels, the molecular substrate of neuronal somatodendritic A‐type currents. For this purpose wild‐type and mutant channels were transiently expressed in the human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cell line and currents were measured in the whole‐cell patch‐clamp configuration. 2 Kv4.2 channels inactivated from pre‐open closed state(s) with a mean time constant of 959 ms at ‐50 mV. This closed‐state inactivation was not affected by a deletion of the Kv4.2 N‐terminus (Δ2‐40). 3 Kv4.2 currents at +40 mV inactivated with triple‐exponential kinetics. A fast component (τ= 11 ms) accounted for 73 %, an intermediate component (τ= 50 ms) for 23 % and a slow component (τ= 668 ms) for 4 % of the total decay. 4 Both the fast and the intermediate components of inactivation were slowed by a deletion of the Kv4.2 N‐terminus (τ= 35 and 111 ms) and accounted for 33 and 56 %, respectively, of the total decay. The slow component was moderately accelerated by the truncation (τ= 346 ms) and accounted for 11 % of the total Kv4.2 current inactivation. 5 Recovery from open‐state inactivation and recovery from closed‐state inactivation occurred with similar kinetics in a strongly voltage‐dependent manner. Neither recovery reaction was affected by the N‐terminal truncation. 6 Kv4.2 Δ2‐40 channels displayed slowed deactivation kinetics, suggesting that the N‐terminal truncation leads to a stabilization of the open state. 7 Simulations with an allosteric model of inactivation, supported by the experimental data, suggested that, in response to membrane depolarization, Kv4.2 channels accumulate in the closed‐inactivated state(s), from which they directly recover, bypassing the open state.