Human Papillomaviruses and Anogenital Cancers

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Abstract
Squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix (cervical cancer) has long been known to have all the epidemiologic characteristics of a sexually transmitted infectious disease. Annually, there are about 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer worldwide, and most of these are in nations with few resources. It is now established that cervical cancer is caused by infection of the genital tract with one of about a dozen sexually transmitted human papillomaviruses (HPVs).1 Cervical cancer may well be the first major human neoplasm for which we have identified a single, necessary etiologic factor. Both epidemiologic and laboratory studies support this conclusion. In all . . .