Gender Differences in Achievement and Affiliation Attributions

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Abstract
This study examines attributions (ability, effort, task, and luck) for success and failure in both achievement and affiliation domains across cultures as a means of evaluating whether gender differences are associated with cultural variations. Participants included 684 university students (314 males; 370 females)from India, Japan, South Africa, the United States, and Yugoslavia currently enrolled in teacher training, physicial science, and social science. While there were statistically significant differences between males and females across all five countries for achievement attributions to task and for the internal/ external dimension, the differences of attributions to ability, effort, and luck, as well as for the stable/unstable dimension, were not significant.