Strain-Dependent Properties of Polymers I

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Abstract
Dynamic elastic moduli of homogeneous, amorphous polymers decrease at moderate to high strains. Under the same strain magnitudes the loss factor goes through a broad maximum. At low strains, dynamic properties are independent of strain amplitude. This paper shows that strain dependence is a basic property of homogeneous, amorphous polymers. Strain dependence is shown to occur in gum, as well as filled, vulcanizates. In addition it is shown that self heating due to flexing at high strains cannot fully explain strain dependent dynamic properties. Testing has been performed on specimens with greatly varying geometries (and, hence, different amounts of self-heating) and at controlled specimen temperatures. These tests have verified the existence of a basic strain-dependency. Strain dependence is here related to time-temperature dependent properties of polymers as described by the well-known work of Williams, Landel, and Ferry. The magnitude of strain dependence and the strain amplitudes at which strain dependence occurs appear to be controlled by the time-temperature dependence of polymers.

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