Topological pumping of magnetic flux by three-dimensional convection

Abstract
Attention is drawn to a principal difference between the transfer of a horizontal magnetic field by turbulence and by three-dimensional cell convection.If the motion of the conducting medium in the cells is such that the heated material ascends at the centre while descending along the sides of the cells, then the magnetic tubes of force will be carried downwards by peripheral flows. Discrete ascending flows separated from one another by descending material carry only closed magnetic field loops. Such loops do not transfer net magnetic flux. As a result, the magnetic flux becomes blocked at the base of the convective layer.

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