An Index of Littoral Zone Complexity and Its Measurement

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Abstract
The littoral zone is important in lake ecosystems. It affects physical, chemical and biological processes of the whole lake. Patterns in the shoreline lengths of a lake drawn from maps of different scales are described. These patterns or measurement laws hold for many different lakes. Fractal measuring theory is used to provide a unifying explanation of these empirical results. Fractal theory also makes new predictions about the statistical properties of groups of lakes. Patterns in the data were consistent with these predicitions. How physical and geomorphological processes can give rise to fractal patterns in the landscape is discussed.

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