Self-Checking Resistive Ratios

Abstract
The two resistors which form the ratio are constructed as two separate networks of nominally equal resistors. Each network is chosen such that there is a dual network which can be constructed from the same set of resistors. Two configurations with the same nominal ratio are obtained by switching each network to its dual and interchanging their positions in the ratio. The mean ratio is a very close approximation to the nominal value. As an example, it is shown that only six resistors are required to produce all steps of a single-decade voltage divider with a mean accuracy of 1 in 106 using resistors adjusted to 1 in 103.

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