Effect of temperature on survival and infectivity of Echinostoma trivolvis cercariae: a test of the energy limitation hypothesis

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Abstract
SUMMARY: Trematode cercariae typically become unable to successfully infect a host many hours before they die. We examined the hypothesis that both time to 50% mortality and time to loss of infective capacity are controlled to the same degree by rates of energy expenditure, by determining the relative effects of temperature on both parameters. Infective capacity was assessed by exposing Echinostoma trivolvis cercariae of different ages to a suitable second intermediate host (the gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata) and counting 1–2 days later the number of metacercarial cysts formed. Temperature had a remarkably similar effect on time to 50% mortality and loss of infective capacity, supporting the hypothesis that both absolute and functional cercarial life-spans are limited by the rates at which energy stores are utilized.