Tussock Meadows in Southeastern Wisconsin

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Abstract
The ecology of the tussock sedge (Carex stricta), the structure of the tussock association and its place in succession, and the environmental and biotic factors which accompany and influence the association throughout its life history are discussed. New tussocks are initiated by means of rhizomes. Individual tussocks attain a height of 2-4 ft., a diameter of 8-30 in., and an age of 50 yrs. or more. Both xeromorphic and hydromorphic structures enable C. stricta to persist where the water level shows a marked seasonal fluctuation. Progressive decrease in soil moisture and lowering of the water table lead to the disappearance of the tussock association. Evaporation, annual fires, and soil reaction are not significant factors in succession. Overgrazing may result in the disappearance of the tussock association.

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