Abstract
Foraging animals are usually simultaneously both predator and prey. This simple truism dictates that many animals face a profound conflict between predator avoidance and efficient food intake, because behavioral decisions minimizing the risk of predation are often antithetical to efficient food intake. Such a conflict may exist at several levels of decision-making, from broad-scale habitat selection to diet selection (Lima & Dill 1990). Here, I will focus on a conflict faced by many higher vertebrates that arises from the simple act of ingesting food itseif.

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