Status of Clinical Research in Neurology

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Abstract
Clinical research ("clinic" is derived from the Greek kline, meaning bed) is the investigation of disease in human beings. It originated with Hippocrates, who first demonstrated that bedside observation and inspection could produce a coherent understanding of disease. In his writings, Hippocrates was the first physician to detail case histories for the purpose of learning and educating. In the 19th century, clinical research was expanded to include formal experimentation and hypothesis testing. The growth of clinical research paralleled the development of medical school curricula and faculties. Today, clinical research encompasses a wide range of activities, including large clinical therapeutic trials, the testing of new diagnostic tools, epidemiologic studies, and studies of disease processes using human tissues. Many areas of medicine can be studied only through clinical research, and ultimately, knowledge gained through laboratory or basic research must be applied to practice through clinical investigation.

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