Valence of Sm adsorbed on Pd(001)

Abstract
The valence of Sm in disordered monolayers formed on a Pd(001) substrate was determined from the 3d5/2 x-ray photoemission spectrum. The valence of the isolated atom on this substrate is 3, but the valence decreases with coverage and saturates at the value 2.75. Work-function changes suggest that the behavior may be associated with charge transfer between adsorbate and substrate.