Urinary Excretion of Cocaine, Benzoylecgonine, and Ecgonine Methyl Ester in Humans

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Abstract
The excretion kinetics of cocaine (C) and its two major metebolites, benzoylecgonine (BZ) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME), were determined by collecting all urine for 30 h from 5 cocaine users (subjects C, D, E, F, and G) given bolus doses followed by exponential cocaine infusions that delivered doses of 253 (subject C), 444 (subjects D, E, and F), and 700 mg (subject G). Plasma cocaine, urine cocaine, BZ, and EME were measured by gas chromatography, with a nitrogen detector. Elimination half-times for EME and BZ, estimated from semilog plots of excretion rates vs. time, averaged 3.1 end 4.5 h respectively, in agreement with our previous report. Urinary recovery in D, E, and F was 27–41% of the dose, with 14–17% as BZ, 12–21% as EME, and 2% as cocaine. Subject C excreted very little EME—5-6-fold less than the mean for the other subjects end amounting to only 3% of the dose. Cocaine disposition in subject G, who received the largest dose and attained plasma levels of 3000 ng/mL, showed some characteristics of a nonlinear process.