Complications of Construction and Closure of Temporary Loop Ileostomy

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Abstract
Stoma is a Greek word for mouth or opening. 1 Stedman’s Medical Dictionary. 27th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 2000 Google Scholar An intestinal stoma is an opening of the intestinal tract or the urinary tract into the abdominal wall. The first surgical stoma was created more then 200 years ago. The earliest stomas were actually unintentional ones, enterocutaneous fistulas, resulting from penetrating abdominal injuries or complications of intestinal diseases such as incarcerated hernias. The first descriptions of forming a surgical stoma were in the 16 th and 17 th centuries, but they were few in number, and the patients usually survived only several days after operation. It was not until the end of the 18 th century that the procedure became more successful. In 1793, Duret, a military surgeon in Brest, described the first successful stoma. Duret performed a left iliac colostomy on a 3-day-old infant with imperforated anus. The procedure was successful and the patient survived until the age of 45. Indications for a surgical stoma at that time were mostly cases of abdominal trauma, imperforate anus in newborns, bowel obstruction from incarcerated hernias, and intestinal tumors. Those stomas were loop colostomies. End colostomies were first described in the late 19 th century. Colostomies have become an important treatment option for many colorectal diseases, and the use of the Hartmann’s procedure in the early 20 th century made them even more popular. 2 Hardy K.J. Surgical history. Evolution of the stoma. Aust N Z J Surg. 1989; 59 : 71-77 Crossref PubMed Scopus (10) Google Scholar

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