Correlates of Academic Procrastination: Discomfort, Task Aversiveness, and Task Capability

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Abstract
The relationships among five aspects of academic procrastination—behavioral delay, personal upset about the delay, task aversiveness, task capability, and the desire to reduce behavioral delay—were investigated in 10th-grade Israeli students (N = 195). Upset about delay was weakly related to delay itself, and—unlike delay—was strongly related to perceived capability to perform academic tasks and to the desire to change delaying behavior. Students delayed more on academic tasks labeled unpleasant than pleasant, were neutral in between, and were correspondingly more upset about the former than the latter. They more frequently acknowledged reasons for academic procrastination that were less threatening to their self-image (e.g., problems in time management) than reasons that were more threatening (e.g., lack of ability). Interest in reducing delay is related more to self-perceived ability to handle tasks than to time spent procrastinating or reasons given for procrastinating.