Antibiotic Substances from Basidiomycetes

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Abstract
Two antibacterial substances, named illudin M and illudin S, and one substance inactive for the organisms tested were isolated in crystalline form from culture liquids of C. illudens. Illudin M, obtained by adsorption on Norit A and fractionation with chloroform, was over 100 times as active against Mycobacterium smegma as against Staphvlococcus aureus. Illusin S, obtained by extracting waters 2 to 9, was highly active aginst both S. aureus and M. smegma. The yield of crystalline illudin S per liter of culture fluid was 0.33 g. and of crystalline illudin M 0.04 g. If redistr. of mother liquors is taken into account, about 45% of the activity of the original culture liquid against S. aureus and about 80% of the activity against M. smegma were recovered in crystalline form. Chemical characteristics of the 3 crystalline compounds suggest that they are probably of related structure. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of illudin M and illudin S are reported for a no. of bacteria and fungi. In toxicity tests with white mice, all mice were killed by illudin S at 15.6 mg./kg. in 7 to 22 hrs., and by illudin M within 42 hrs. The 2 substances differ from clitocybine and do not seem related to muscarin.
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